The steps of building and creating a private and public channel, publishing content in them, etc. It is somewhat the same, but they also have minor differences. Like:

While creating a private Telegram channel, you cannot set a dedicated link, while this is not the case for public Telegram channels.
Public channels are displayed to users during search, but private Telegram channels are not.
Any user can enter a public channel and use its content, but this is not possible in a private channel and only users who are approved by the admin can enter the channel.
To enter the public channel, just click on the channel username, but to enter the private channel, you must have an invite link.